What vaccines should I take? "Adult vaccination lazy bag" once, you know

        Looking back on history, vaccines have resolved countless global epidemic crises and saved mankind from extinction. In particular, covid-19 has ravaged the world in the past two years. The application of new crown vaccine has become a national campaign overnight. But you know what? In addition to COVID-19, there are many viruses running around life. This period will introduce to you what vaccines should be inoculated with different ethnic groups, so as to enhance self protection.

        Adults generally believe that they have been vaccinated and have sufficient protection, while ignoring the application and supplementary application of other important vaccines. In fact, everyone will face different infection risks from birth to old age. In order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and complications, it is recommended that everyone should still take relevant vaccines at an appropriate time to supplement the body's immunity.

                1、 Recommended vaccine for adults

        1. Varicella vaccine

        Chickenpox infection will aggravate the symptoms with age. Therefore, adults without chickenpox antibody, especially those who have not been vaccinated and have not had chickenpox, should be vaccinated with two doses (at least 4-8 weeks between the two doses). In addition, chickenpox infection in pregnant women may cause fetal deformity or abortion. It is recommended that women of childbearing age should be tested for chickenpox antibody.

        2. Herpes zoster vaccine

        Herpes zoster often occurs over the age of 50, that is, after the recovery of chickenpox virus infection, a small amount of herpes zoster still lurks in the human ganglion. When the human immunity is low, it will be reactivated. The recurrent rash is easy to invade the nerve. In addition to presenting pain and unilateral vesicular rash distributed along the skin nodes, post blister neuralgia is also a common complication. In severe cases, it may lead to optic neuritis, scleritis Facial paralysis, hearing loss, and even stroke. Therefore, for those over 50 years old who have not been vaccinated with herpes zoster vaccine (regardless of whether they have a history of chickenpox or herpes zoster before), it is recommended to vaccinate one dose of active attenuated herpes zoster vaccine. For those with sound immunity who have been infected with herpes zoster, it can be delayed for 1 ~ 3 years.

        3. Hepatitis B vaccine

        Hepatitis B is closely related to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. For people who have not been vaccinated, do not know the past history of hepatitis B vaccination or high-risk groups, it is recommended to detect hepatitis B antibody first.

        4. Measles, mumps and German measles mixed vaccine (MMR)

        Measles, mumps and German measles are droplet infections. The vaccine can prevent the complications of otitis media, pneumonia or encephalitis; In addition, mumps may also be complicated with orchitis and nestitis, affecting fertility; If a pregnant woman is infected with rubella in the early stage, it will also lead to abortion, stillbirth or deformity. It is recommended that adults can detect MMR antibody, especially women of childbearing age (15 ~ 49 years old). If the antibody is negative, please go to the medical hospital for supplementary vaccination.

        5. Tetanus and reduced diphtheria mixed vaccine (TD)

        It is recommended that adults take an additional dose of TD every ten years. For adults aged 19 ~ 64 who may contact infants under one year old, it is recommended to take one dose in order to prevent pertussis virus from infecting infants and causing serious respiratory symptoms.

        6. Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV)

        Human papillomavirus (HPV) is related to genital warts, female cervical cancer and glossopharyngeal cancer. It is an important pathogen of sexual contact infection. In other words, when sexual behavior begins, the chance of infection will increase significantly. Therefore, the best time for vaccination is for those who have no sexual behavior or have not been infected with HPV. If they have sexual behavior, they should also be vaccinated. This vaccine is suitable for women and men aged 9 ~ 45 to protect themselves The health of yourself and your partner.

        7. Influenza vaccine

        Influenza virus has great variability, and the epidemic virus strains are different almost every year. It is recommended that adults (including pregnant women) be vaccinated every year.

        2、 Recommended vaccination for high-risk groups

                1. Hepatitis A vaccine

        Hepatitis A is transmitted through fecal mouth, leading to acute liver inflammation. Therefore, vaccination can be considered as long as there is no hepatitis a protective antibody. There are 2 doses of this vaccine, the interval between the two doses should be 6 ~ 12 months, and the protective power can reach more than 20 years.

        2. Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine

        Streptococcus pneumoniae is highly invasive and toxic. In addition to easily causing pneumonia, it may also invade the blood and cause serious bacteremia and meningitis. It is recommended that adults in high-risk groups, especially the elderly over the age of 65, take the vaccine. At present, the market is divided into "13 price" and "23 price" vaccines. Due to their different protection scope, interval and duration, appropriate vaccines can be selected after doctors' evaluation.

        3、 Recommended vaccination for international tourists

        1. Yellow fever vaccine

        Yellow fever is still endemic in some countries in Africa and Latin America. Its typical symptoms include fever, chills, headache, systemic muscle pain, nausea and vomiting. Some patients are more likely to enter a dangerous period in a short time, with bleeding symptoms and even liver and kidney failure. It is suggested that passengers going to high-risk areas should be vaccinated ten days before going abroad and one dose for life.

        2. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine

        It is easy to cause disease transmission in population gathering places or through activities. At present, there are cases of meningococcal infection all over the world. It is mainly prevalent in the "African meningococcal belt" across Central Africa south of the Sahara desert. It is suggested that passengers going to high-risk areas should be inoculated ten days before going abroad, and another dose can be added every five years. In addition, according to Saudi Arabia regulations, pilgrims to Mecca must be vaccinated (valid for three years).

        3. Japanese encephalitis vaccine

        Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by insect vectors. Some patients may have symptoms such as headache, fever, aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. It is recommended that adults at risk of infection should be beaten, including those living or working near livestock houses or breeding places of vector mosquitoes, And tourists who are expected to visit epidemic areas (they should be vaccinated one week before going abroad). If they have not been vaccinated or their vaccination history is unknown, it is recommended to vaccinate one dose of active attenuated vaccine at their own expense.

        Although adults have good resistance, they still need to consider the safety of their families living together. Pregnant women should consider the health of their fetus and improve the protection of themselves and their families by vaccination. The family medicine department of Far Eastern Memorial Hospital has an international tourism clinic. It is recommended that you first review the possible vaccine options according to your personal disease history, vaccine history and risk factors, and ask doctors to make a comprehensive vaccination evaluation and supplement the required vaccines.

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